«Анемия»

Anemia

Anemia is a condition in which the level of hemoglobin in the blood is lower than normal, leading to a reduced ability to transport oxygen to the body’s tissues. It can cause fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms that affect quality of life.

Causes

Anemia can be caused by various factors, including:

• Iron deficiency.The most common cause of anemia, linked to insufficient iron in the body.
• Vitamin deficiency.Lack of vitamin B12 and folic acid can disrupt normal blood cell production.
• Chronic diseases.Kidney disease, inflammation, cancer can reduce red blood cell production.
• Blood loss.Trauma, surgery, heavy menstruation, gastrointestinal bleeding can lead to anemia.
• Inherited conditions.Such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia.
• Genetic disorders.Problems with blood cell production, leading to insufficient erythrocyte production.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of anemia include:

1. Fatigue.Feeling of tiredness, weakness, even with minimal exertion.
2. Shortness of breath.Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity.
3. Dizziness.Especially when changing positions.
4. Paleness.Noticeable paleness in the skin and mucous membranes, especially the eyes and lips.
5. Cardiac symptoms.Tachycardia, chest pain.
6. Cold extremities.Hands and feet feel cold even in a warm environment.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of anemia involves the following tests:

1. Complete blood count.Measurement of hemoglobin levels and red blood cell count.
2. Blood biochemistry.To assess levels of iron, vitamins, and folate.
3. Bone marrow biopsy.May be needed to diagnose rare forms of anemia.
4. Tests for hidden bleeding.For example, stool tests for occult blood to identify gastrointestinal bleeding.

Treatment

Treatment for anemia depends on its cause:

• Iron deficiency.Iron supplements and dietary adjustments (including iron-rich foods).
• Vitamin deficiency.Vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation.
• Chronic diseases.Treatment of the underlying condition, such as kidney disease or inflammation.
• Blood loss.Treatment of the bleeding source and, if necessary, blood transfusion.
• Inherited conditions.Specific treatments, including gene therapy or bone marrow transplantation for severe forms.

Prevention

Prevention of anemia includes:

• Maintaining a balanced diet rich in iron, vitamins, and folic acid.
• Regular medical check-ups for early detection and monitoring.
• Taking measures to prevent chronic diseases, especially infections and inflammation.

Anemia is a common condition that can be effectively treated with timely diagnosis and appropriate therapy.