Congenital Cataract

What is it?

Congenital cataract is a condition where the lens of the eye is cloudy from birth, leading to reduced visual acuity. This condition can affect one or both eyes and may be associated with various genetic or environmental factors that influence eye development during pregnancy.

Causes

• Genetic factors. Congenital cataract can be caused by genetic mutations that disrupt the normal development of the lens.
• Infections during pregnancy. Certain infectious diseases, such as rubella, toxoplasmosis, or chickenpox, contracted by the mother during pregnancy, can lead to the development of cataracts in the fetus.
• Trauma. External injuries sustained during birth or early stages of development may affect eye development and lead to cataracts.
• Exposure to toxins. Some chemicals or medications used during pregnancy can interfere with the normal development of the lens and cause cataracts.

Symptoms

• Loss of visual acuity or blurred vision.
• Reduced ability to see in low-light conditions.
• Difficulty perceiving colors.
• Presence of a white or gray spot in the pupil, which is visible under certain lighting.

Diagnosis

• Ophthalmic examination. The doctor conducts an eye examination using a slit lamp to detect signs of cataracts.
• Tonometry. A method of measuring intraocular pressure, which can help identify changes related to cataracts.
• Ultrasound examination. Used to assess the condition of the lens and other structures of the eye.

Treatment

• Surgical intervention. The only effective treatment for congenital cataracts is surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial implant (intraocular lens).
• Vision correction. After surgery, glasses or contact lenses may be prescribed to correct vision.
• Physical therapy. In some cases, special exercises may be recommended to improve eye functionality.