Inflammation of the Vascular Membrane of the Eye

What is it?

Inflammation of the vascular membrane of the eye, also known as uveitis, is an inflammatory process affecting the vascular layer of the eye (uveal body). It can involve the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, leading to various symptoms and impaired vision.

Causes

• Infectious diseases. Viruses, bacteria, and fungi can cause uveitis. For example, the herpes virus or tuberculosis.
• Autoimmune diseases. Conditions where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, such as Bechet's disease or rheumatoid arthritis.
• Eye injuries. Physical damage to the eye, such as foreign objects entering the eye, can trigger inflammation of the vascular membrane.
• Allergic reactions. Allergies can cause inflammation of the vascular membrane of the eye, especially from contact lenses or pollen exposure.
• Idiopathic causes. In some cases, the cause of uveitis remains unknown.

Symptoms

• Eye pain or discomfort.
• Redness of the eye.
• Blurred vision or reduced visual acuity.
• Photophobia (sensitivity to light).
• Tearing.
• Swelling of the eyelids.

Diagnosis

• Medical examination. An ophthalmologist will examine the eye using a slit lamp to identify signs of inflammation in the vascular membrane.
• Tests. Blood tests, eye surface swabs, and other lab tests may be conducted to identify infectious or autoimmune diseases.
• Ophthalmoscopy. Examination of the back of the eye using an ophthalmoscope to assess the condition of the vascular membrane.

Treatment

• Anti-inflammatory medications. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or steroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation.
• Antibiotics or antiviral medications. Depending on the cause of uveitis, antibiotics or antiviral medications may be prescribed.
• Immunosuppressants. In autoimmune conditions, drugs that suppress the immune system, such as methotrexate or cyclosporine, may be used.
• Antihistamines. For allergic uveitis, antihistamines or other medications to reduce allergic reactions may be recommended.
• Surgical intervention. If complications occur or medication is ineffective, surgery may be required.