Inflammation of the Lungs

What is it?

Inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia) is an infectious disease in which the lung tissues become inflamed. The inflammation can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms, and can also result from aspiration or inhalation of foreign substances.

Possible Causes

• Bacterial infections. The most common causes of pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus.
• Viral infections. Influenza, coronaviruses, adenoviruses, and others can cause inflammation of the lungs.
• Fungal infections. Candidiasis, aspergillosis, and other fungal infections may also lead to pneumonia.
• Chemical exposure. Aspiration of foreign particles or inhalation of chemicals can cause inflammation of the lungs.

Symptoms

• Cough, often with sputum production.
• Chest pain, especially when breathing or coughing.
• Fever, chills, sweating.
• Shortness of breath or rapid breathing.
• Fatigue, weakness, and headache.

Diagnosis and Treatment

• Medical examination. Diagnosis requires chest X-rays, sputum analysis, and possibly a CT scan.
• Antibiotics. In bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics are prescribed based on the causative agent.
• Antiviral drugs. In viral pneumonia, antiviral medications such as oseltamivir for influenza are recommended.
• Hospitalization. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for oxygen therapy and intensive treatment.