Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation (TMJ)

What is it?

Temporomandibular joint inflammation, or TMJ, is an inflammatory process that affects the joint between the lower jaw and the temporal bone. This joint plays an important role in jaw movement, which is necessary for chewing, speaking, and other functions.

Causes

• Injuries. Damage to the temporomandibular joint, such as dislocations or fractures, can lead to inflammation.
• Infections. Inflammation can develop due to infections like osteomyelitis or arthritis affecting the joint.
• Bite problems. Incorrect positioning of teeth or malocclusion can place additional strain on the joint, leading to inflammation.
• Chronic diseases. Conditions like arthritis, osteoarthritis, or juvenile arthritis can cause TMJ inflammation.
• Overuse. Frequent or intense jaw movements, such as chewing hard foods or the habit of grinding teeth (bruxism), can lead to TMJ inflammation.

Symptoms

• Pain or discomfort in the temporomandibular joint area, especially when opening or closing the mouth.
• Clicking, cracking, or sounds when moving the jaw.
• Limited jaw movement, difficulty opening the mouth.
• Pain in the ear or temple area, especially when chewing.
• Swelling or tenderness in the joint area.
• Headaches related to jaw muscle strain.

Diagnosis

• Medical examination. The doctor will conduct an examination, listen to the patient's complaints, and assess the degree of jaw movement restriction.
• X-ray. This study is used to detect damage or changes in the joint structure.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This method allows for more detailed images of soft tissues, such as cartilage and ligaments, and helps identify inflammation or damage.
• Computed Tomography (CT). CT may be used for a more detailed study of the bone structure of the temporomandibular joint.

Treatment

• Anti-inflammatory medications. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce inflammation and pain.
• Massage and physiotherapy. Special exercises and massage can help improve joint mobility and reduce pain.
• Bite correction. In some cases, orthodontic devices or special appliances may be used to normalize the bite and reduce strain on the joint.
• Surgical intervention. In rare cases, if there is significant damage or chronic inflammation, surgery may be needed to restore joint function.
• Use of splints or mouthguards. Special splints or mouthguards may be used to protect the joint and reduce strain.