Protrusion of Birthmark in Infants

What is it?

Protrusion of a birthmark in infants refers to a change in the shape of a pigmented skin lesion, which may appear as a raised, rounded, or bumpy surface. Such changes are common and can occur in newborns or infants during the first few months of life.

Causes of Birthmark Protrusion in Infants

• Hemangioma. A vascular tumor often presenting as a bright red, raised formation on the skin. Hemangiomas can appear on various parts of an infant's body and typically require monitoring as they may shrink or disappear over time.
• Pigmented Nevi. Raised birthmarks may be pigmented nevi, which form as a result of melanin accumulation. Usually, they are benign, but it's important to monitor their development.
• Keratoses. In rare cases, keratoses—benign growths that may be slightly raised and sometimes have a rough surface—can appear on an infant's skin.
• Trauma or Irritation. Sometimes, a protruding birthmark may result from trauma or skin irritation in the area of the pigmented spot, leading to changes in its shape.
• Congenital Features. Some birthmarks may be congenital and tend to show slight elevation or protrusion during the first months of life. In most cases, these do not pose a threat and resolve without treatment.

When Should You See a Doctor?

• If the birthmark starts growing rapidly or changes shape.
• If the birthmark develops sores or starts bleeding.
• If the birthmark becomes painful or inflamed.
• If the color of the birthmark changes, for example, becoming black or very dark.
• If the birthmark appears in areas of the skin that are constantly subjected to friction or trauma.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If there is a protruding birthmark in an infant, it is important to undergo medical examination to rule out potential diseases or complications. The doctor may recommend the following diagnostic methods:

• Dermatologist Examination. The doctor will conduct a visual examination of the birthmark and assess its characteristics, such as shape, color, and size.
• Ultrasound. To more accurately examine the structure of the birthmark, an ultrasound may be recommended, especially if there are concerns about vascular changes.
• Biopsy. In rare cases, a biopsy may be required to exclude malignancy if the birthmark raises concerns.

Treatment may include:

• Observation. If the birthmark is not causing concerns and is not changing, the doctor may recommend simply monitoring it.
• Removal of the Birthmark. In some cases, the birthmark may be removed if it causes discomfort, is frequently injured, or if there is a risk of it transforming into a malignant growth.
• Treatment for Hemangiomas. In the case of vascular formations, treatment methods such as laser therapy, cryotherapy, or medication to reduce their size may be applied.

Prognosis

In most cases, protruding birthmarks in infants are benign and do not require special treatment. They may resolve on their own as the child grows. However, it's important to monitor any changes in size, color, and texture to detect potential issues early.