Uterine Prolapse: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is uterine prolapse?

Uterine prolapse is a condition in which the uterus falls from its normal position and may partially or completely protrude through the vagina. This occurs due to the weakening of the pelvic muscles and ligaments that support the pelvic organs.

Causes of uterine prolapse

• Age-related changes. With age, the tissues of the pelvic floor lose their elasticity, leading to uterine prolapse.
• Childbirth. Multiple childbirths, especially difficult or complicated ones, can weaken the pelvic muscles and ligaments.
• Excessive physical strain. Frequent heavy lifting or excessive physical exertion can contribute to uterine prolapse.
• Obesity. Excess weight increases the pressure on pelvic organs, which can cause them to shift.
• Chronic constipation. Frequent straining during bowel movements can weaken the pelvic floor muscles.
• Genetic predisposition. Some women may be genetically predisposed to weak pelvic ligaments.

Symptoms of uterine prolapse

• Feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen. A woman may experience pressure or a feeling of heaviness in the pelvic area.
• Painful sensations. Pain or discomfort in the pelvic area or lower abdomen.
• Urinary issues. Frequent urges to urinate or difficulty in urination.
• Bowel problems. Difficulty in bowel movements or constipation.
• Visible changes. In severe cases, the uterus may be visible through the vagina.

Treatment of uterine prolapse

• Conservative treatment. Use of exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles and wearing support devices.
• Medications. Hormonal treatment to improve tissue tone.
• Surgical treatment. In severe cases, surgery may be required, including hysterectomy.
• Lifestyle changes. Weight management, avoiding heavy physical exertion, and regular physical activity.