Vaginal Discharge

What is it?

Vaginal discharge is a natural fluid produced by the body to maintain the health of the reproductive organs. It can vary in color, consistency, and amount depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, health status, and other factors. However, excessive or unusual discharge may be a sign of infection or other health issues.

Causes of Vaginal Discharge

• Menstrual Cycle. Normally, vaginal discharge changes depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. During ovulation, discharge may be more abundant and clear, while before menstruation, it may be thicker and white.
• Infections. Fungal, bacterial, or viral infections such as yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, or sexually transmitted infections can cause unusual discharge with unpleasant odor or altered consistency.
• Hormonal Changes. Changes in hormone levels, such as during pregnancy or menopause, can also affect the amount and nature of discharge.
• Allergic Reactions. Allergies to personal hygiene products, condoms, soaps, or other chemicals can cause irritation and altered discharge.
• Uterine and Ovarian Diseases. Polyps, fibroids, or inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs can lead to changes in discharge.

Types of Discharge

• Normal Discharge. It is usually clear or whitish, has a mild odor, and does not cause discomfort.
• Altered Discharge. If the discharge becomes more abundant, has an unpleasant odor, or is yellow, green, or frothy, it may indicate infection.
• Bloody Discharge. Light spotting between periods can be normal, but heavy bleeding or discharge with an odor requires a doctor's consultation.

Symptoms Requiring Medical Consultation

• Unpleasant odor from the vagina.
• Yellow, green, or frothy discharge.
• Bloody discharge between periods.
• Itching, burning, or pain in the vaginal area.
• Excessive or frequent discharge.

Diagnosis and Treatment

• Examination and Tests. To diagnose the condition, the doctor may conduct an examination and also take a vaginal smear for analysis of infections or the microbiota.
• Antibiotics or Antifungal Medications. If a bacterial or fungal infection is present, the doctor may prescribe appropriate medications.
• Hormonal Therapy. If changes in discharge are related to hormonal imbalances, hormonal therapy may be recommended.
• Diet and Lifestyle. Maintaining the normal flora of the vagina and overall health through proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle can help improve the situation.