Ear Discharge

What is it?

Ear discharge refers to any fluids that come out of the ear canal. These discharges can vary in consistency and color, depending on the cause. It is important to understand that ear discharge can be a symptom of various diseases or conditions, including infections, inflammations, or injuries.

Causes of Discharge

• Otitis. Inflammation of the ear, which can lead to the discharge of fluid, pus, or blood. Otitis can be external, middle, or inner, and each form may produce different types of discharge.
• Mastoiditis. Inflammation of the mastoid process, which can also be accompanied by ear discharge, especially if the inflammation progresses.
• Ruptured eardrum. If the eardrum is damaged, fluid may leak from the middle ear into the ear canal.
• Fungal infection. Some fungal infections can cause ear discharge, which may have an unpleasant odor and be itchy.
• Allergic reactions. Allergy to cosmetics, ear care products, or other irritants can lead to discharge.
• Excess earwax buildup. Sometimes an excess of earwax can start to leak from the ear, causing discharge.

Types of Ear Discharge

• Mucous discharge. Usually clear or slightly cloudy, may be caused by mild inflammation or infection.
• Purulent discharge. Yellow or green discharge often accompanied by pain and indicating a more severe infection, such as otitis.
• Bloody discharge. May be a sign of a ruptured eardrum or injury.
• Watery discharge. Light and clear, such discharge may indicate a viral infection or allergic reaction.

Symptoms

• Discharge from the ear of varying consistency and color.
• Pain or discomfort in the ear.
• Itching in the ear canal.
• Partial or complete hearing loss.
• Swelling or redness around the ear.
• General malaise or fever (in case of infection).

Diagnosis

• Medical examination. The doctor will inspect the ear canal, may perform otoscopy to assess the condition of the eardrum and internal structures.
• Tests. Bacteriological, viral, or fungal tests may be ordered to identify the causative agent of the infection.
• Ultrasound. To assess the condition of tissues around the ear and the inner ear.
• CT or MRI. If the doctor suspects deeper issues, such as mastoiditis or other complications.

Treatment

• Antibiotics. If the discharge is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed in the form of tablets, drops, or injections.
• Antiviral medications. If the cause of discharge is a viral infection.
• Antifungal medications. For fungal ear infections.
• Anti-inflammatory medications. To reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.
• Ear drops. Special ear drops can help with inflammation and infections, relieving symptoms.
• Earwax removal. If earwax is the cause, the doctor may safely remove excess earwax from the ear.