Discharge from the Nose

What is it?

Discharge from the nose is the process of mucus or other fluid being secreted from the nasal passages. These discharges can be caused by infections, allergies, irritations, or other conditions affecting the nasal cavity and upper respiratory system.

Causes

• Cold and flu. Viral infections, such as the flu or the common cold, can cause abundant discharge from the nose.
• Allergic rhinitis. A reaction to allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander can cause nasal congestion and watery discharge.
• Sinusitis. Inflammation of the sinuses can lead to thick, yellow or green discharge from the nose.
• Upper respiratory infections. Bacterial or viral infections can cause discharge from the nose, often accompanied by other symptoms such as sore throat, cough, and headache.
• Individual characteristics. Some people may have chronic mucus discharge from the nose not related to disease.

Symptoms

• Watery or thick discharge from the nose.
• Nasal congestion or difficulty breathing through the nose.
• Sneezing and itching in the nose.
• Elevated body temperature (in case of infection).
• Pain in the sinuses or head (in case of sinusitis).

Diagnosis

• Medical examination. The doctor will examine the nasal passages and may conduct tests to identify the cause of the discharge.
• Nasal swab. To detect infection (bacterial or viral) or allergens.
• X-ray or ultrasound. To diagnose sinusitis or other sinus diseases.
• Allergy tests. To identify allergens that may be causing rhinitis.

Treatment

• Decongestant medications. Nasal sprays or drops with a vasoconstrictor effect to relieve nasal congestion.
• Antihistamines. Used in allergic rhinitis to reduce discharge and nasal congestion.
• Antibiotics. Used if the discharge is caused by a bacterial infection, such as sinusitis.
• Antiviral medications. Used in viral infections such as the flu or the common cold.
• Simple home remedies. Rinsing the nose with saline solutions, humidifying the air, and drinking plenty of fluids.