Inflammatory Response to Pathogens

What is it?

The inflammatory response is a defense mechanism of the body triggered by the invasion of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. The goal of inflammation is to destroy the pathogen, remove damaged tissue, and initiate the healing process.

Causes

• Bacterial infections. For example, inflammation in cases of tonsillitis, pneumonia, or skin abscesses.
• Viral infections. Viruses like influenza or herpes can cause inflammatory processes in tissues.
• Fungal infections. Candidiasis or skin mycoses can trigger inflammation.
• Parasites. Diseases like malaria or toxoplasmosis involve inflammatory reactions.
• Allergens. In some cases, allergens act as triggers, provoking an immune response.

Symptoms

• Redness of the skin in the affected area.
• Increased temperature at the site of inflammation.
• Tissue swelling due to fluid accumulation.
• Pain or discomfort in the inflamed region.
• Impaired function of the affected organ or tissue.

Diagnosis

• Clinical examination. The doctor assesses visible signs of inflammation and questions the patient.
• Laboratory tests. Blood tests, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, or infection screenings.
• Imaging methods. Ultrasound, X-ray, or CT scans for evaluating internal inflammation.
• Microbiological analysis. Cultures to identify the pathogen and its antibiotic sensitivity.

Treatment

• Antibiotics. Used for bacterial infections.
• Antiviral drugs. For treating viral infections.
• Antifungal agents. To combat fungal pathogens.
• Anti-inflammatory medications. Help reduce inflammation and pain.
• Immunotherapy. Used to adjust immune responses.