Ear Inflammation

What is it?

Ear inflammation, or otitis, is the inflammation of one of the ear parts: the outer, middle, or inner ear. Otitis can be acute or chronic and causes painful sensations, as well as a decrease in hearing. Inflammation can be caused by infections, injuries, or allergic reactions.

Causes

• Infections. The most common cause is bacterial or viral infections, such as acute otitis media, which can lead to ear inflammation.
• Allergies. Allergic reactions to pollen, dust, or other substances can cause ear inflammation.
• Injuries. Damage, such as from water entering the ear or mechanical trauma, can lead to inflammation.
• Cold and flu. Upper respiratory infections can often spread to the middle ear, causing inflammation.
• Inadequate treatment. Improper use of ear drops or treatment without a doctor's recommendation can lead to complications and inflammation.

Symptoms

• Pain in the ear, especially when pressing or changing the position of the head.
• Decreased hearing or a feeling of fullness in the ear.
• Discharge from the ear, especially if it is purulent or has a foul odor.
• Fever or general weakness, especially in bacterial infections.
• Tinnitus or a feeling of congestion.

Diagnosis

• Medical examination. The doctor examines the ear, evaluates symptoms, and may use specialized tools for otitis diagnosis.
• Otorhinolaryngological examination. Using an otoscope to assess the condition of the eardrum and the inner ear.
• Tests. In some cases, a sample of ear discharge may be required to identify the infectious agent.

Treatment

• Antibiotics. Antibiotics are used for bacterial infections to eliminate the infection and reduce inflammation.
• Pain relievers. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve pain and inflammation.
• Physiotherapy. The application of heat or UHF radiation to speed up recovery.
• Ear drops. Special ear drops to treat inflammation and reduce swelling.
• Surgical intervention. In case of complications such as abscesses or chronic otitis, surgery may be required.