«Внутричерепные травмы в родах»

INTRACRANIAL TRAUMA DURING LABOR

Intracranial trauma during labor refers to brain injuries in a newborn that occur as a result of mechanical stress or complications during the birth process. These injuries can be due to difficult deliveries, the use of medical instruments, or the baby’s vulnerability during birth. Immediate medical intervention is critical, as these injuries can result in neurological deficits and even be life-threatening.

CAUSES OF INTRACRANIAL TRAUMA DURING LABOR

• Prolonged or difficult labor. Long or complicated deliveries that involve the use of instruments like forceps or vacuum extractors can lead to head trauma.
• Large baby size. Macrosomia (large baby) can cause damage to the brain as the baby passes through the birth canal.
• Abnormal fetal position. Fetal positions like breech can cause excessive pressure on the head during delivery.
• Premature birth. Premature infants, whose skull bones are not fully developed, are more susceptible to injury.
• Medical interventions. The use of tools like forceps, vacuum extraction, or cesarean section can lead to trauma.

SYMPTOMS OF INTRACRANIAL TRAUMA IN NEWBORNS

• Breathing difficulties. Problems with breathing may be due to damage to the brain's respiratory centers.
• Lack of response to stimuli. The baby may appear lethargic or unresponsive to stimuli.
• Seizures. Seizures may occur, indicating potential brain injury.
• Weak or absent reflexes. Abnormal reflexes, such as sucking or grasping, may be observed.
• Abnormalities in head shape. For example, asymmetry of the skull, soft spots, or swelling on the head.
• Neurological disorders. Developmental delays, motor coordination issues, or psychomotor developmental disorders in the future.

TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF INTRACRANIAL TRAUMA DURING LABOR

1. Medical assistance during complicated labor. It’s important to assess risks properly and use appropriate methods of delivery (cesarean section, vacuum extraction, forceps) when necessary.
2. Coordinated post-birth care. The newborn should be closely monitored if signs of trauma are present.
3. Medication. If brain injury is diagnosed, medications to reduce brain swelling and prevent seizures may be used.
4. Rehabilitation. After stabilization, the baby may require physical and neurological rehabilitation to restore motor functions and development.
5. Prevention of complications. Regular medical checkups, including ultrasound examinations of the head, to detect potential trauma or abnormalities.
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