Hump: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is a Hump?

A hump typically refers to a noticeable bump or curvature on the back, most commonly located near the neck or upper spine. It is often associated with poor posture, spinal conditions, or as a result of aging.

Causes of a Hump

• Kyphosis. Kyphosis is a spinal condition that causes the upper back to curve forward excessively, often resulting in a hump-like appearance. It can be caused by degenerative diseases, birth defects, or osteoporosis.
• Postural Kyphosis. Poor posture, particularly slouching or hunching forward for long periods, can lead to a postural hump. This type of kyphosis is often reversible with improved posture and exercise.
• Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis, which causes weakening of the bones, can lead to spinal fractures and the formation of a hump, particularly in older adults. The spine becomes more susceptible to bending or collapsing under pressure.
• Dowager's Hump. This type of hump is commonly seen in older women, often due to osteoporosis. It refers to the rounded, forward-bent curvature of the upper spine caused by vertebral compression fractures.
• Spinal Tumors. Rarely, tumors on the spine or near the vertebrae can cause a hump-like deformity as they push against the bone or alter the shape of the spine.
• Trauma or Injury. Injuries to the spine, such as fractures or damage to the vertebrae, can cause a deformity that results in a visible hump on the back.
• Genetics. Some individuals may inherit structural abnormalities or conditions that affect the spine, leading to the development of a hump at a young age.

Symptoms of a Hump

• Visible Curvature. The most obvious symptom is a visible hump or curvature of the spine, often located between the shoulders or in the upper back.
• Pain or Discomfort. Some individuals may experience back pain, stiffness, or tenderness in the area around the hump, especially after prolonged sitting or standing.
• Decreased Mobility. As the hump progresses, it may limit the range of motion in the upper back, making it difficult to perform certain movements or activities.
• Fatigue. Individuals with a hump may experience increased fatigue due to muscle strain, particularly if the hump is causing an imbalance in posture.
• Numbness or Tingling. In severe cases, nerve compression due to spinal misalignment may lead to sensations of numbness or tingling in the arms or legs.

Treatment for a Hump

• Posture Correction. Improving posture through exercises, stretches, and ergonomic adjustments can help prevent or reduce the appearance of a postural hump. A physical therapist may provide guidance on proper posture techniques.
• Spinal Bracing. In cases of kyphosis or postural deformities, wearing a brace may help support the spine and correct the alignment over time.
• Osteoporosis Management. If osteoporosis is the underlying cause, medications such as bisphosphonates may help strengthen bones and prevent further fractures. Weight-bearing exercises are also beneficial for improving bone density.
• Physical Therapy. Physical therapy exercises aimed at strengthening the back and core muscles can help reduce pain, improve posture, and support the spine.
• Surgery. In severe cases of kyphosis or spinal deformity, surgery may be necessary to correct the curvature and alleviate symptoms. Surgical options can include spinal fusion or corrective vertebral surgery.
• Pain Management. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or other pain-relieving medications can help manage pain associated with the hump, especially if it is caused by degenerative changes or osteoporosis.