Humps on the Back Surface of the Tongue: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What are Humps on the Back Surface of the Tongue?

Humps on the back surface of the tongue are raised areas that may appear on the tongue's surface, typically toward the back. These bumps are often visible or felt as small protrusions and may vary in size. While they are usually harmless, they can sometimes be associated with certain conditions that may require medical attention. The bumps may be a result of normal anatomical features, or they could indicate an underlying condition such as infection, inflammation, or other oral health issues.

Causes of Humps on the Back Surface of the Tongue

• Normal Anatomy. The tongue naturally has small bumps called papillae, which are responsible for the sense of taste. Some types of papillae, such as the circumvallate papillae, are located at the back of the tongue and appear as large bumps. These are completely normal and not a cause for concern.
• Geographic Tongue. This is a benign condition where patches on the tongue's surface become inflamed and look like raised areas or bumps. It can occur on the back of the tongue and may be associated with changes in the taste buds, causing the appearance of uneven bumps or patches.
• Lingual Tonsillitis. Inflammation of the tonsils at the back of the tongue, known as lingual tonsillitis, can cause swelling and the appearance of bumps. It often results from an infection, such as a viral or bacterial infection, and may be accompanied by sore throat and difficulty swallowing.
• Oral Thrush. An overgrowth of yeast, such as Candida, can lead to oral thrush, which causes white patches or bumps to form on the tongue's surface, including the back. This condition is typically seen in individuals with weakened immune systems, those taking antibiotics, or those with certain medical conditions like diabetes.
• Infections. Bacterial or viral infections, including those caused by the herpes simplex virus, can lead to the formation of painful bumps or blisters on the tongue. These infections may cause discomfort and require treatment to resolve.
• Tongue Injury or Trauma. Accidental biting or other injuries to the tongue can cause swelling, which may lead to the formation of bumps on the back of the tongue as part of the healing process.
• Allergic Reactions. Allergies to certain foods, medications, or oral care products may cause swelling or bumps on the tongue's surface. These bumps are often temporary and subside once the allergen is eliminated.
• Smoking and Alcohol Use. Regular use of tobacco or alcohol can irritate the tongue and lead to the formation of bumps or changes in its appearance. Smoking in particular is linked to an increased risk of developing oral cancer, which may cause abnormal growths on the tongue.
• Vitamin Deficiencies. Deficiencies in vitamins, especially B vitamins (like B12), can lead to various symptoms, including bumps or a sore appearance on the tongue.

Symptoms Associated with Humps on the Back Surface of the Tongue

• Pain or Discomfort. Some individuals may experience pain, tenderness, or irritation in the area where the bumps appear, especially if the bumps are a result of an infection, injury, or inflammation.
• Changes in Taste. If the bumps affect the taste buds, it can lead to changes in taste sensation. Individuals may experience a loss of taste or a metallic taste in the mouth.
• Redness or Inflammation. In some cases, the bumps may appear red and inflamed, particularly in conditions like geographic tongue, oral infections, or after an injury.
• White or Yellow Patches. Conditions like oral thrush or infections caused by bacteria or viruses may cause white or yellow patches or bumps on the back of the tongue.
• Difficulty Swallowing. If the bumps are due to infection or swelling in the tonsils or surrounding areas, individuals may experience difficulty swallowing or a sore throat.

Treatment for Humps on the Back Surface of the Tongue

• Maintaining Good Oral Hygiene. Regular brushing, flossing, and using an antibacterial mouthwash can help prevent and alleviate minor bumps on the tongue caused by irritation or infection.
• Treating Infections. If the bumps are due to an infection, the treatment will depend on the cause. Bacterial infections may be treated with antibiotics, while viral infections might require antiviral medications. Oral thrush may be treated with antifungal medications.
• Avoiding Irritants. If the bumps are caused by smoking, alcohol use, or food allergies, eliminating or reducing exposure to these irritants can help the tongue heal and prevent further bumps from forming.
• Addressing Vitamin Deficiencies. If the bumps are linked to a vitamin deficiency, taking the appropriate supplements or making dietary adjustments can help resolve the issue over time.
• Managing Geographic Tongue. Geographic tongue usually does not require treatment, but avoiding irritants like spicy or acidic foods may help reduce discomfort. In severe cases, topical treatments such as corticosteroids may be used.
• Medical Consultation. If the bumps persist or are accompanied by severe pain, difficulty swallowing, or other concerning symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. They may conduct tests or refer to a specialist if necessary.