Proptosis (Exophthalmos)

What is it?

Proptosis (exophthalmos) is a condition where one or both eyes protrude forward from the orbit. It can be associated with various diseases affecting the tissues, muscles, or thyroid gland.

Causes of Proptosis

• Graves' disease (toxic diffuse goiter). An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the tissues around the eyes, leading to their protrusion.
• Tumors. Certain types of tumors in the orbital area or in the eye may cause protrusion.
• Injuries. Fractures of the orbital bones or trauma leading to swelling of the tissues can also result in eye protrusion.
• Infections. In some cases, infections affecting the tissues around the eyes can cause inflammation and protrusion.

When should you see a doctor?

• If you notice a noticeable change in the position of your eyes.
• If protrusion is accompanied by pain, redness, or swelling.
• If the condition develops suddenly and progresses rapidly.

Diagnosis and Treatment

• Examination. To diagnose the condition, a doctor may perform an ophthalmological examination and may order additional tests such as ultrasound or MRI.
• Treating the underlying disease. Depending on the cause of the protrusion, treatment may involve medications, surgical interventions, or radiotherapy.