Hematoma of the Masticatory Muscles: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is a Hematoma of the Masticatory Muscles?

A hematoma of the masticatory muscles occurs when blood accumulates in the muscles responsible for chewing due to trauma or injury. These muscles, such as the masseter or temporalis, are involved in jaw movements, and a hematoma can develop if blood vessels in these areas are damaged. This condition often results from direct impact, such as a blow to the face or jaw, and can lead to pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the jaw.

Causes of Hematoma of the Masticatory Muscles

• Physical Trauma. The most common cause is injury or trauma to the jaw or face, such as a punch or a fall that damages blood vessels within the masticatory muscles.
• Excessive Chewing or Jaw Strain. Overuse of the jaw muscles, such as during intense chewing or clenching of the teeth, can lead to small tears in the muscle tissue, potentially causing blood vessels to rupture and form a hematoma.
• Surgical Procedures. Dental or jaw surgeries can sometimes result in hematomas in the masticatory muscles due to the manipulation of tissues and blood vessels in the area.
• Blood Disorders. Individuals with certain blood clotting disorders, such as hemophilia or vitamin K deficiency, may be more prone to developing hematomas after minor injuries.

Symptoms

• Pain and Tenderness. The affected muscles become painful, and the individual may experience discomfort when chewing or moving the jaw.
• Swelling. There is usually noticeable swelling in the jaw or face, particularly in the area of the affected muscle.
• Difficulty Chewing. The accumulation of blood within the muscle can cause stiffness and restrict movement, making it difficult or painful to chew.
• Bruising. The skin over the hematoma may show signs of bruising as the blood from the hematoma spreads beneath the skin.

Treatment Methods

• Cold Compress. Applying a cold compress to the affected area within the first 24-48 hours can help reduce swelling and numb the pain.
• Pain Relief. Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.
• Jaw Rest. Resting the jaw by avoiding chewing hard foods or clenching can help the hematoma heal and prevent further strain on the muscles.
• Physical Therapy. In some cases, gentle exercises or massage therapy may be recommended to help restore normal function to the jaw muscles after the hematoma has healed.
• Surgical Drainage. In rare cases where the hematoma is large or causing significant discomfort, surgical drainage may be necessary to remove the accumulated blood and relieve pressure.