Joint Dislocations

What is it?

A joint dislocation is a traumatic condition in which the bones forming the joint lose their normal alignment. This disrupts joint function and may be accompanied by damage to ligaments, muscles, and blood vessels.

Causes

• Trauma. Falls, impacts, or overextension of the joint can cause dislocation.
• Physical activity. Dislocations often occur during sports, especially contact sports like football, rugby, or wrestling.
• Ligament weakness. Congenital or acquired ligament issues increase the risk of dislocations.
• Arthritis. Chronic joint diseases can weaken joints, increasing the likelihood of dislocation.
• Age. Older adults are at higher risk due to age-related joint and bone changes.

Symptoms

• Severe pain in the affected joint.
• Joint deformity or abnormal limb position.
• Swelling and redness in the injured area.
• Restricted movement or inability to move the joint.
• Numbness or tingling in the injured area due to nerve compression.

Diagnosis

• Medical examination. The doctor evaluates joint position, pain level, and functional impairment.
• X-ray. This method helps confirm the dislocation and rule out fractures.
• MRI. Used to detect soft tissue damage, such as ligament, tendon, or muscle injuries.

Treatment

• Reduction. Realigning the dislocated bone, which should only be done by a professional.
• Immobilization. After reduction, the joint is stabilized with a cast, bandage, or splint.
• Physical therapy. Exercises and massage help restore mobility and strengthen the joint.
• Medications. Anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers are used to relieve pain and inflammation.
• Surgical intervention. Complex injuries or recurrent dislocations may require surgery to restore joint structure.