Protrusion of the Anterior Fontanel

What is it?

Protrusion of the anterior fontanel is a condition in which the soft part of the infant's skull, covered by the fontanel, bulges outward. This can happen due to various causes, including diseases, changes in intracranial pressure, injuries, or genetic anomalies.

Causes of Protrusion of the Anterior Fontanel

• Increased intracranial pressure — elevated pressure inside the skull can cause the fontanel to protrude, as it is the softest and most pliable part of the skull.
• Hydrocephalus — a condition where there is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain, which may lead to protrusion of the anterior fontanel.
• Developmental skull disorders — genetic anomalies, such as craniosynostosis, where the skull bones fuse prematurely, can affect the shape of the head and lead to protrusion of the fontanel.
• Head injuries or trauma — various injuries sustained during birth or afterward can affect the fontanel's condition and cause it to protrude.

When should you see a doctor?

• If the fontanel becomes noticeably bulging or increases in size.
• If protrusion of the fontanel is accompanied by other symptoms, such as vomiting, seizures, or persistent crying.
• If the condition of the baby worsens, and the fontanel remains protruding despite the normalization of other symptoms.

Diagnosis and Treatment

• Medical examination — the doctor will perform an examination of the baby and may order additional tests, such as an ultrasound of the head or an MRI, to identify the causes of fontanel protrusion.
• Treating the underlying cause — depending on the diagnosis, treatment may include medications to reduce intracranial pressure or surgery if necessary.
• Observation and monitoring — it is important to monitor the baby's condition and perform regular check-ups with a pediatrician to prevent complications.