Rectal Prolapse: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is rectal prolapse?

Rectal prolapse is a condition in which a part of the rectum protrudes outside the anal canal. This occurs due to the weakening of the muscles and ligaments that normally support the rectum.

Causes of rectal prolapse

• Chronic constipation. Prolonged straining during bowel movements can weaken the anal sphincter muscles and ligaments supporting the rectum.
• Frequent physical strain. Heavy lifting and other intense physical efforts can contribute to rectal prolapse.
• Aging. As people age, the muscles and tissues of the pelvic floor lose their elasticity, which can lead to rectal prolapse.
• Obesity. Excess weight adds extra pressure on the pelvic organs, increasing the risk of rectal prolapse.
• Pregnancy and childbirth. Multiple pregnancies and difficult births can weaken the pelvic floor muscles, contributing to rectal prolapse.
• Genetic predisposition. Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to weaker pelvic floor muscles.

Symptoms of rectal prolapse

• Heaviness and discomfort in the anal area.
• Bowel movement problems. Difficulty or incomplete emptying of the bowels.
• Protrusion of the rectum through the anus. In severe cases, part of the rectum may protrude through the anus.
• Anal bleeding. Blood may appear on toilet paper or in the stool.
• Painful sensations during bowel movements or sitting.

Treatment of rectal prolapse

• Conservative treatment. Use of medications to strengthen pelvic muscles and lifestyle changes (diet, physical activity).
• Surgical treatment. In severe cases, surgery may be required to restore the rectum to its normal position and strengthen the pelvic muscles.
• Physiotherapy. Specific exercises to strengthen the pelvic muscles and improve anal sphincter function.
• Medications. Use of medications to improve bowel function, such as laxatives or medications to improve muscle tone.