Discharge from the Nipple

What is it?

Discharge from the nipple can be either normal or pathological. In some cases, it is related to physiological changes such as breastfeeding or hormonal fluctuations, while in others it may be associated with diseases of the mammary glands. The type, amount, and character of the discharge can provide important clues about its cause.

Causes of Nipple Discharge

• Breastfeeding. During breastfeeding, women may experience discharge from the nipple, especially if the nipples are frequently stimulated.
• Hormonal changes. Hormonal fluctuations, such as during pregnancy or menopause, can lead to nipple discharge.
• Mastitis. This is an inflammation of the breast tissue, often accompanied by pain and discharge from the nipple, particularly purulent discharge.
• Fibroadenoma. This is a benign tumor of the breast, which may cause discharge from the nipple, especially if located near the nipple.
• Milk ducts. Disorders related to the milk ducts, such as infections or trauma, can lead to discharge from the nipple.
• Breast cancer. In rare cases, nipple discharge can be associated with breast cancer. In these cases, the discharge may be bloody or watery.

When to See a Doctor?

• If the discharge from the nipple occurs without a clear cause.
• If the discharge is bloody, watery, or has an unpleasant odor.
• If the discharge is accompanied by breast pain or changes in the shape of the breast.
• If the discharge continues after breastfeeding or menopause.

Diagnosis and Treatment

• Mammography. This is an X-ray examination that helps assess the condition of the breast and detect possible tumors or other abnormalities.
• Breast ultrasound. This examination helps detect tumors, cysts, and inflammatory processes in the breast.
• Biopsy. In case of suspicion of breast cancer, a biopsy may be performed to obtain a tissue sample for analysis.
• Treatment of infections and inflammations. Depending on the diagnosis, antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed to treat mastitis or other breast disorders.
• Surgery. If a tumor or cancer is found, surgery may be necessary, including tumor removal or mastectomy.