Congenital Hip Dislocation

What is it?

Congenital hip dislocation is a developmental anomaly where the femoral head is displaced from its normal position in the acetabulum. This defect can occur in the womb and may be noticed immediately after birth or within the first few months of life. Congenital hip dislocation is more common in girls and requires timely treatment to avoid complications and disturbances in the development of leg movements.

Causes

• Developmental disorders. In some cases, an improperly developed or underdeveloped acetabulum can lead to hip dislocation.
• Genetic factors. Some hereditary diseases may increase the risk of hip dislocation in newborns.
• Fetal position. The position of the baby in the womb, especially if the baby is in breech position, can contribute to the development of hip dislocation.
• Hormonal changes. Increased levels of certain hormones in the mother's body may weaken the ligaments, which can lead to hip dislocation in the fetus.

Symptoms

• Inability or difficulty bringing the hip to the center of the body.
• Pain in the hip area, especially when attempting to move the leg.
• Limited mobility of the hip or leg.
• Feeling of "clicking" or instability when attempting to move.
• Unusual position of the leg or loss of normal leg symmetry.

Diagnosis

• Pediatric examination. The doctor checks for symptoms and conducts a physical examination to detect hip dislocation.
• Ultrasound (US). One of the main diagnostic methods for newborns to assess the position of the hip and acetabulum.
• X-ray. Used for more accurate diagnosis of dislocation in children over 6 months old.

Treatment

• Conservative treatment. At an early age, hip dislocation can be treated using special splints or harnesses that help keep the hip in the correct position.
• Surgical intervention. In older children or in cases where conservative treatment is ineffective, surgery may be required to restore the normal position of the hip.
• Rehabilitation. After treatment, rehabilitation is important to restore normal mobility and strengthen the muscles.