Congenital Wrist Defects

What is it?

Congenital wrist defects are anomalies that are present at birth and affect the normal development of the wrist joint. These defects may involve the bones, ligaments, tendons, or other structures of the wrist. They can restrict the movement of the hand and impact the functionality of the limb.

Causes

• Genetic factors. Changes in genes or chromosomes can lead to abnormal development of the bones or tissues in the wrist.
• Environmental influences. Harmful factors such as toxic substances or infections contracted by the mother during pregnancy can affect the development of the fetus, including its limbs.
• Injuries. Some defects may result from injuries sustained in utero or from early pregnancy trauma affecting joint development.
• Poor nutrition. Incorrect or insufficient nutrition of the mother can lead to deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals necessary for the proper development of the fetus.

Types of Congenital Wrist Defects

• Cosmetic defects. Abnormalities that affect the appearance, such as underdevelopment of one of the wrist bones or skin defects.
• Movement disorders. Anomalies that affect wrist mobility, such as joint restriction or stiffness.
• Bone development disorders. Improper development of wrist bones, such as underdevelopment or fusion of bones.
• Joint abnormalities. Disorders in the structure and functioning of the joints, leading to pain and limited movement.

Diagnosis

• X-ray. Used to assess the structure of the wrist bones and joints, detecting potential defects or abnormalities.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Provides more detailed information on soft tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and muscles, and helps identify hidden defects.
• Ultrasound examination. Used to detect anomalies in soft tissues and check the function of the wrist joints.

Treatment

• Surgical intervention. In some cases, surgery may be required to correct the shape or function of the wrist.
• Physical therapy. Special exercises and procedures may help improve movement and reduce pain in the wrist.
• Orthopedic devices. Various braces and support devices may be used to enhance wrist function.
• Medications. Use of pain or inflammation-relieving medications for the wrist joint.