Inflammation of the Vein Walls (Phlebitis)

What is it?

Inflammation of the vein walls, or phlebitis, is an inflammatory process that affects the inner lining of the veins. This condition can develop in superficial veins (superficial phlebitis) or in deep veins (deep phlebitis) and may lead to various symptoms and complications.

Causes

• Trauma. Damage to the veins, such as from injections or surgeries, can lead to inflammation of the vein walls.
• Infections. Infectious diseases can cause vein inflammation, especially bacterial infections such as sepsis or phlebitis after injections.
• Thrombosis. The formation of blood clots in the veins (thrombophlebitis) can lead to inflammation and swelling of the vessels.
• Medications. Certain medications, including chemotherapy agents or intravenous drugs, can cause irritation and inflammation of the veins.
• Chronic diseases. Conditions such as diabetes or obesity may increase the risk of vein inflammation.

Symptoms

• Pain in the affected vein.
• Redness and swelling at the site of inflammation.
• A feeling of heaviness in the limb.
• Increased temperature at the site of the affected vein.
• Swelling around the inflamed vein.

Diagnosis

• Medical examination. A vascular surgeon or ophthalmologist will perform an examination to identify signs of vein inflammation and swelling.
• Ultrasound examination. Doppler ultrasound or a regular ultrasound scan can help detect signs of thrombosis or other complications.
• Laboratory tests. Blood tests can help detect signs of infection or inflammation.

Treatment

• Anti-inflammatory medications. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
• Antibiotics. In cases of bacterial infection, antibiotics will be prescribed to treat the infection.
• Anticoagulants. Medications that prevent blood clot formation, such as heparin, may be used to treat thrombophlebitis.
• Complex treatment. For severe cases of phlebitis, compression therapy, physiotherapy, and even surgery may be required to remove clots or treat the inflamed veins.