Abscess Under the Nail: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is an Abscess Under the Nail?

An abscess under the nail, also known as a subungual abscess, is a collection of pus that forms beneath the nail due to an infection. This condition typically results from a traumatic injury to the nail or a bacterial infection, leading to swelling, pain, and discoloration of the nail. It is a painful condition that requires medical attention to prevent complications.

Causes of Abscess Under the Nail

• Trauma or Injury. A common cause of a subungual abscess is trauma to the nail, such as slamming the finger in a door, which can cause bleeding under the nail and create an environment for bacterial growth.
• Bacterial Infections. The most common bacteria responsible for subungual abscesses is Staphylococcus aureus, which can enter the nail bed through a break in the skin or as a result of a nail injury.
• Poor Hygiene. Inadequate nail care or picking at the nails can introduce bacteria, increasing the risk of developing an abscess.
• Ingrown Nails. An ingrown toenail or fingernail, where the nail grows into the surrounding skin, can lead to an infection and the formation of an abscess.
• Weakened Immune System. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with diabetes, are more prone to infections, including those under the nails.

Symptoms of Abscess Under the Nail

• Pain and Swelling. The affected area is usually painful, and the finger or toe may become swollen, especially around the nail.
• Redness and Warmth. The skin around the abscess may appear red and feel warm to the touch, indicating an active infection.
• Discoloration of the Nail. The nail may become discolored, often appearing yellow, white, or green due to the pus accumulation underneath.
• Pus Drainage. If the abscess ruptures, pus may drain from under the nail, relieving some pressure and pain.
• Fever. In more severe cases, a systemic infection can cause fever and malaise.

Treatment for Abscess Under the Nail

• Incision and Drainage. A healthcare provider may need to make a small incision in the nail or surrounding skin to drain the pus and relieve pressure.
• Antibiotics. If the infection is bacterial, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection and prevent it from spreading.
• Pain Relief. Over-the-counter pain medications can help manage pain associated with the abscess.
• Warm Soaks. Soaking the affected finger or toe in warm saltwater can help reduce swelling and promote healing.
• Protecting the Nail. Keeping the affected nail clean and protected from further injury is essential for preventing reinfection.