Mandibular Dysfunction: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is Mandibular Dysfunction?

Mandibular dysfunction refers to any disorder that affects the normal functioning of the lower jaw (mandible), causing pain, difficulty in chewing, and issues with jaw movement. This dysfunction can be caused by various conditions, such as TMJ disorders, injury, or arthritis.

Causes of Mandibular Dysfunction

• Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorders. Dysfunction of the TMJ, which connects the jaw to the skull, can lead to pain and limited jaw movement.
• Injury or Trauma. Fractures, dislocations, or other injuries to the jaw can cause mandibular dysfunction.
• Arthritis. Inflammation of the jaw joint due to osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can lead to dysfunction and pain.
• Teeth Alignment Issues. Malocclusion or misalignment of the teeth can affect how the jaw moves, leading to discomfort or difficulty chewing.
• Bruxism (Teeth Grinding). Chronic teeth grinding can put excessive pressure on the jaw, leading to dysfunction.

Symptoms

• Pain or tenderness in the jaw, face, or neck.
• Difficulty or discomfort while chewing or opening the mouth.
• Clicking, popping, or grating sounds when moving the jaw.
• Limited jaw movement or locking of the jaw.
• Headaches or earaches related to jaw dysfunction.

Treatment

• Physical therapy or jaw exercises to improve jaw mobility and reduce pain.
• Medications, such as anti-inflammatory drugs or muscle relaxants, to alleviate pain and inflammation.
• Nightguards to prevent teeth grinding and reduce pressure on the jaw.
• Surgical intervention may be necessary in severe cases, such as joint replacement or corrective surgery.
• Addressing underlying issues, like misaligned teeth, with orthodontics or dental treatments.